Inclusion of novel bacteria in rumen microbiology : Need for basic and applied science
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Rumen microbiology has made a significant contribution to the understanding of ruminant nutrition. However, further progress in research has been hindered by the incomplete analysis of the rumen microbiota comprised of bacteria, protozoa and fungi, most of which remain uncharacterized due to the difficulties in their isolation and cultivation. In order to maximize rumen fiber digestion, it is necessary to understand the community structure of rumen microbes, especially bacteria, and the factors that influence their composition. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques allow the analysis of such bacteria without cultivation, thereby identifying many functional, but uncultured, bacteria as new targets for basic and applied research. Specific uncultured bacterial groups are being considered as important members of a fibrolytic consortium in the rumen, judging by their ecologic distribution. The inclusion of such uncharacterized bacteria in analyses is crucial for understanding the rumen microbial community and its manipulation. In addition, these bacteria could potentially be candidates as probiotics and sources of enzymes for animal feed and other industrial uses. ルーメン微生物学は反芻家畜栄養学の進展に多大な貢献をしてきたが、ルーメンに生息する微生物（プロトゾア、真菌および細菌）の多くが難培養性であることから個々の機能評価が難しく、更なる研究の進展がはばまれている。ルーメン内繊維質消化を最大化するには、ルーメン微生物、とりわけ細菌の集団構造を理解し、それら生態系に影響する要因を明らかにする必要がある。最近の分子生物学的手法は、培養を介さない微生物生態系の解析を可能にし、それにより多くの機能性未培養細菌の存在を明らかにした。これら未培養細菌は、実際、基礎・応用双方の領域において研究対象となりつつある。未培養細菌群のいくつかは、生態情報から推察すると、ルーメンでの繊維分解者集団の中心的な構成者であることがわかってきている。このような新規の機能性細菌を考慮に入れることが、ルーメン生態系の理解や制御には必須と思われる。さらにこれら機能性細菌や保有酵素は、畜産および他の産業への応用に資するものである。
- 2006-08-01
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関連論文
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