The Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosol at Aksu, an Asian Dust-Source Region of North-West China : A Summary of Observations over the Three Years from March 2001 to April 2004(<Special Issue>ADEC-Aeolian Dust Experiment on Climate Impact-)
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概要
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Aerosol sampling and meteorological observations were carried out from March 2001 to April 2004 at Aksu, in the northern part of the Taklimakan Desert in north-west China. There were three intensive observation periods (IOP): 11-24 April 2002, 16-26 March 2003 and 10-17 March 2004. The observed maximum concentration of total suspended particles (TSP) was 5.2mg m^<-3> during the dust event of April 2003. Variations in the TSP and PM_<11> (particles smaller than 11μm) show that high atmospheric concentrations were observed during dust events that occurred mainly in spring and summer. According to the meteorological observations, dust storms or blowing sand/dust occurred not only in spring, but also in summer and autumn, though floating dust occurred mainly in March and April. The frequency of dust events was consisted with the results of dry deposition. During spring and summer, the size-distribution of aerosols is unimodal with a maximum in the range 3.3-7.0μm, while in winter the size-distribution shows a bimodal pattern with two peaks; at 3.3-7.0μm for soil particles and 0.65-1.1μm for anthropogenic particles. From the results of size distribution of soluble ion concentration, anthropogenic particles consist mainly of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, which result from coal combustion for heating during winter. Concerning chemical composition, aerosols from Aksu contain a significant amount of evaporate minerals such as calcium carbonate (calcite), sodium chloride (halite), and calcium sulfate (gypsum and anhydrite). These evaporates are common minerals in the saline soils which are widespread around observation site, and it is suggested that they are provided into atmosphere from the ground surface together with soil particles. Major element composition for aerosols in Aksu show a lower SiO_2 content and higher FeO, K_2O and MgO content compared with that for the saline soils (φ<125μm), the loess deposits in the Tarim Basin and Central Loess Plateau, and Taklimakan Desert sands (φ<125μm). This suggests that minerals rich in Fe, K and Mg, such as clay minerals and mica, come selectively from the soil surface into the atmosphere as mineral aerosols. This is because their particle size is generally smaller than that of quartz, the main constituent minerals in the soil.
- 2005-03-31
著者
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ZHOU Hongfei
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science
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MIKAMI Masao
Meteorological Research Institute
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YABUKI Sadayo
The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
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Yabuki S
Inst. Physical And Chemical Res.(riken) Saitama Jpn
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KANAYAMA Shinji
RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)
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YABUKI Sadayo
RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)
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LIU Mingzhe
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science
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KANAYAMA Shinji
The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
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Liu Mingzhe
Xinjiang Institute Of Ecology And Geography Cas.
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Nakamura Yuki
Yamagata University
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FU Fengfu
Riken (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)
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Zhou Hongfei
Xinjiang Institute Of Biology Pedology And Desert Research
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Zhou Hongfei
Xinjiang Institute Of Ecology And Geography
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FU Fengfu
The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
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Liu Mingzhe
Xinjiang Inst. Of Ecology Ancl Geography Chinese Acad. Of Sci.s Urumqi
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Yabuki Sadayo
RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
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Kanayama Shinji
RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
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FU Fengfu
RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
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