鼻過敏性とニューロペプチド

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鼻アレルギー患者における鼻過敏性の亢進には知覚神経線維を介した順行性の知覚刺激伝達の亢進と,軸索反射により局所に遊離されたSP等のNANC作動神経ペプチドの働きが関与しているものと考えたImmunohistochemical staining combined with electron microscopy was employed to investigate the distribution of substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) nerve fibers in the tracheal submucosal glands of cats. All the intraglandular varicosities were observed to be in close spatial contact with serous cells, mucous cells and myoepithelial cells. These findings suggesed that SP-induced mucus secretion by airway submucosal glands may be caused not only by glandular contraction, but by direct stimulation of both serous and mucous cells. The distribution of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neuropeptides in serous and mucous glands of the nasal mucosa were quantitatively determined in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and in patieuts with hypertrophic rhinitis (HR) as a control. The distribution of SP-IR nerve fibers in the serous glands was significantly higher in AR than in HR. The distribution of calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP) -IR nerve fibers was also signiflcantly higher in both serous and mucous glands in AR. These findings suggest that transmission of nociceptive sensations by NANC neuropeptides may be enhanced in patients with AR, and this could reflect nasal hyperresponsiveness in AR. In the thiorphan pre-treated normal human nose, the topical application of SP significantly decreased histamine concentrations, the initial cause of sneezing, when compared with topical saline administration. The results obtained in these studies suggest that NANC neuropeptides could contribute to nasal hyperresponsiveness via orthodromic and/or antidromic effects.
1996-03-01

鼻過敏性とニューロペプチド

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