中国の利益団体と「強い資本、弱い労働」の現状:「温州市私営企業家調査（2008 年）」に基づいて
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
With the sharp increase of labor disputes, labor–capital relations in China have gained greater public attentions. While China's private entrepreneurs have begun to participate in various political activities, workers have been defenseless in a market economy. Faced with this situation, the Hu–Wen regime introduced the controversial Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China in 2008, with a view to constructing a "harmonious society".This paper focuses on the trend for business associations to become interest groups, and, at the same time, investigates whether or not trade unions can expand their role to serve as enterprise-level interest groups. The discussion is based on a survey of private entrepreneurs in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province undertaken in fall 2008. The survey was conducted at three districts (Lu Cheng, Long Wan and Ou Hai), two county-level cities (Le Qing and Rui An), and two counties (Tai Shun and Cang Nan). These samples were selected based on clusters such as the size and variety of industry. The survey included 393 random samples, and the response rate was 64.1%. To address the debate on the relationship between the size of business associations and political participation, this paper set the size of enterprise as an independent variable.The paper found that a much higher proportion of large-scale private entrepreneurs, compared to small-scale entrepreneurs, take part in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the local level of the People's Congress (PC) and the People's Political Consultative Conference (PPCC), and also business associations. They are beginning to expand their channels and to express their voices. However, strategically, business associations offer some selected incentives for small-scale entrepreneurs. As a result, business associations are beginning to become interest groups in order to articulate their interest. On the other hand, trade unions in large-scale enterprises tend to be associational in nature with direct election of cadres, but are dependent on the enterprise especially on financial issues. Generally speaking, trade unions at the enterprise level have to get permission from the management to manage their own affairs. Most of them lack autonomy and subsequently cannot be considered as interest groups. However, the large-scale private enterprises began to discuss with workers after 2008 Labor Contract Law. In fact, this disproportionate development of strong capital and weak labor cannot be deviated from the Chinese state corporatism. It's a on going process which is leading the CCP to maintain sustainable economic growth.
- 一般財団法人 アジア政経学会の論文