アジアの外国人留学生政策と諸課題:シンガポールと韓国を事例に
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概要
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The purpose of this article is to examine international student policies and related issues in Singapore and South Korea with regards to the recent trends of international student mobility, the expansion of the international student market, and the diversified modes of study in transnational education.Both Singapore and South Korea are aiming to build up an education hub in the region in order to transform their countries from providers of international students to the USA, UK, and Australia to popular destinations for international students, in order both to prevent a brain-drain and to acquire high-potential young people from other countries.Under its Global Schoolhouse strategy Singapore, instead of establishing new institutions, has invited foreign world-class universities to set up on its own soil. In this way, the country hopes to increase its higher-education capacity and to attract a large number of international students with the brands of those invited foreign universities. For the purpose of increasing the inflow of international students, South Korea has attempted to upgrade its own leading institutions to world-class universities by way of promoting the internationalization of these leading institutions and strengthening the international competitiveness of their education and research as part of its international student policy.Responses to commodifying higher education are a crucial part of the international student policy in both of these countries regarding recruiting more privately financed students. However, their approaches are different. In Singapore, private colleges (post-secondary and non-university institutions) play a major role in operating academic programs of foreign universities and hosting a number of international students for these programs. Thus, the Consumer's Association of Singapore administers a registration scheme for private education operators, addressing consumer protection issues such as fee policies, means of student redress, and an insurance scheme in case of operator failure. The Product and Innovation Board has established the Singapore Quality Class for Private Education Operators, addressing their governance and business structures. However, neither addresses the question of academic standards of those foreign institutions' academic programs operated by local private colleges. On the other hand, in South Korea, establishing academic programs entirely conducted in English and converting existing courses taught by Korean into English-based courses are important measures in order to stimulate the influx of fee-paying international students to the country.Overall, approaches to and policy rationales in transnational higher education are diversifying and becoming hybrid. In the increasingly competitive market of international students, Japan's Plan for 300,000 International Students needs to be developed and implemented in order to build up an education hub in East Asia to cultivate human resources not only for Japan but also for other countries.
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