Measurements of the hardness of a soft material with a piezoelectric vibrometer and their analysis.

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This paper represents the characteristics of the contact compliances of a soft material measured with a piezoelectric vibrometer. The transducer used here is designed to operate with a piezoelectric disk employed as a driver unit, and it is convenient for handling. The vibration modes of the piezoelectric vibrometer placed on the soft materials with a finite thickness were studied experimentally and theoretically. In such a system, the differential equation of motion is obtained from a single-degree-of-freedom system. In the presentation of the solutions to different cases involving the single-degree-of-freedom system, it is conventional to express the relationships in terms of the parameters of a resonant frequency, mass, and stiffness. However, in analysis problems we have not a quantitative understanding of the characteristics, since such a parameter is closely connected with the physical properties of a soft material. Therefore, the characteristics of the contact compliance were analyzed with an introduction of a dimensionless frequency factor and mass factor. The actual values measured in experiments were consistent with the results obtained with theoretical analysis.
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