Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Sporadic Diarrhea, Isolation of V. parahaemolyticus from Sea Water and Sea Mud, and Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the V. parahaemolyticus Isolated from Human and Sea Mud in Tohoku District
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概要
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We studied the incidence of <I>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</I> sporadic diarrhea, the distribution of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) gene (<I>tdh</I>) - and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) gene (<I>trh</I>) -positive <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I>, and the molecular epidemiological relationship between <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> isolated from patients and the sea environment in the Tohoku district in northeastern Japan. <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> sporadic diarrhea was prevalent in August 1999 in the Tohoku district. A marked rise in the temperature of sea water was observed in mid July in Aomori, Akita, and Miyagi prefectures, followed by an increase in the number of sporadic <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> patients, suggesting that the rise in the temperature of sea water could serve as an indication for <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> sporadic diarrhea cases. Serotyping of 1, 265 <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> strains isolated from patients across the Tohoku district revealed that O3:K6 was the predominant serotype, representing 86.8% of the total isolates. O3: Kut <I>trh</I> + was isolated from sea mud in Miyagi prefecture, and O3:K6 <I>tdh</I> + and O3:K7 <I>tdh</I> + were isolated from sea mud in Fukushima prefecture, confirming that <I>tdh</I>- and <I>trh</I>-positive <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> strains are disseminated in the sea environment of the Tohoku district. <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> O3:K6 <I>tdh</I> + strains isolated from sea mud in Fukushima prefecture showed Type A Notl PFGE pattern, which was the predominant type among strains isolated from patients in Fukushima prefecture, suggesting an etiologic role of environmental <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> O3:K6 <I>tdh</I> + in human disease.<BR>Dynamics of <I>tdh</I>- and <I>trh</I>-positive <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> strains in the environment should be further elucidated to better understand the epidemiology of <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> O3:K6 <I>tdh</I> + infection, including the mechanism of food contamination with <I>tdh</I>- and <I>trh</I>-positive <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> strains from environmental sources.
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