Survival of Bacillus thuringiensis in Farmland Soil and Their Distribution in Soils in Japan.
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概要
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The survival and distribution of <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> in farmland soil were analyzed.<BR>First, the survival of <I>B. thuringiensis</I> in soil was examined after spraying with the BT-microbial pesticide formulation and spores of <I>B. thuringiensis</I>, Aizawai (H-7) or Kurstaki (H-3a3b3c) isolates from the formulation onto the surface of 1 m<SUP>2</SUP> of fields for vegetables. The spore counts of <I>B. thuringiensis</I> increased more or less in any fields immediately after the spray. However, the count decreased by approximately log 1 within 1-4 weeks. Thereafter, the number of spores remained constant at the level of 10<SUP>4</SUP> cfu/g for 8-12 months. <I>B. thuringiensis</I>, Aizawai and Kurstaki each maintained their ability to form parasporal crystals during residence in soil.<BR>Secondly, the distribution of <I>B. thuringiensis</I> was examined in various types of soils collected from 257 fields in Japan. Whether those fields had previously been treated with the BT pesticides was unknown. More than 80% of total samples contained <I>B. cereus/thuringiensis</I> at the levels of 10<SUP>4</SUP>-10<SUP>6</SUP> cfu/g. Of 1, 906 <I>B. cereus/thuringiensis</I> strains from soil samples, 40 (2%) were identified as <I>B. thuringiensis</I>, due to the presence of the parasporal crystals. <I>B. thuringiensis</I> isolates were serotyped by means of the tube agglutination test with anti H sera of 32 known serovars. Consequently, all 40 strains were typed; they consited serovars H-3a3b3c (15 strains), 3a3d (12), 5a5c (1), 6a6c (4), 8a8c (1), 11a11c (5) and 13 (2). Among these serovars, serovar H-3a3b3c (<I>B. thuringiensis, Kurstaki</I>) which is formulated usually in the BT pesticides was isolated from 14 (5%) of 257 fields.
- 日本食品微生物学会の論文
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