Studies on the Mass Transfer Coefficient on the Body Surface of Livestock (V). Body surface temperature and wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the body surface temperature of cattle and swine.:Body surface temperature and wet coefficient for

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• In order to determine the relation between environmental factors, body surface temperature and wet coefficients for the saturated humidity ratio on body surface temperature, we evaluated the body surface temperature and amount of evaporation from the body surface using six Holstein cows and fifty-seven swines.The results obtained are summarized as follows.1) Regarding the body surface temperature of cows, the air temperature was the most influential factor and the radiant heat load was the second for all body segmental surface temperatures. We also related the whole body surface temperature of the cow to its weight and thermal environment by the following equation: Y1=-0.00173X1+0.193X2-24.8X3-2.30X4-0.00750X5+36.0, where Y1: whole body surface temperature of cow (°C), X1: live weight (kg), X2: air temperature (°C), X3: humidity ratio of air (kg/kg'), X4: air velocity (m/s), and X5: radiant heat load (W/m2).2) Regarding the body surface temperature of swines, the radiant heat load was the most influential for body surface temperature of the trunk, upper arm, forearm and head, and the air temperature had its largest influence on the thighs and legs. Between the whole body surface temperature of swine, the swine weight and thermal environments, the following equation was related: Y2=-0.0243X1-0.339X2-87.6X3-0.468X4+0.121X5-7.26 where Y2: whole body surface temperature of swine (°C), X1-X5 is same as that meant in 1).3) The wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on body surface temperature of cows was slightly higher in the neck and lower in the trunk compared to other body segments. In the hair during summer, the humidity ratio of air was the most influential and in the hair during winter, the humidity ratio of air, air temperature and radiant heat load influenced the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on body surface temperature of cows.4) The wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the whole body surface temperature of cowwas related to cow's weight and thermal environment by the following equation: At air temperatures above 21°C and in hair during summer, Y3=1.98×10-5X1-2.85×10-3X2+25.7X3-1.90×10-2X4-1.71×10-4X5+0.202. At air temperatures under 21°C and in hair during winter, Y3=7.64×10-5X1+5.69×10-3X2+31.1X3-2.23×10-2X4-6.67×10-4X5+0.174, where Y3: the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the whole body surface temperature of thecow, X1-X5 is same as that meant in 1).5) In the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the body surface temperature of swine, the humidity ratio of air was the most influential regardless of the body segment.6) And the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the whole body surface temperature of swine was related to swine's weight and thermal environment by the following equation: Y4=2.78×10-4X1+5.87×10-3X2+28. 8X3-3.04×10-2X4-2.05×10-3X5+0.722, where Y4: the wet coefficient for saturated humidity ratio on the whole body surface temperature of swine, X1-X5 is same as that meantin 1).

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