Effects of the amount of concentrate and its feeding frequency on milk yield and its composition of lactating cows during a hot summer
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This paper deals with the effects of the amount of concentrate and its feeding frequency on the milk performance of lactating cows during a hot summer. An experiment was performed with 5 consecutive experimental periods, each for a 14-day (from June 10 to August 19, 1988) . Six lactating Holstein cows were separated into two groups (group C and T) . I n group C, the concentrate was given at a rate of 30% of milk yield throughout all experimental periods in two meals daily. In group T, the concentrate was given at a rate of 30% of milk yield during 1st period, at a rate of 40% during 2nd period and at a rate of 50% during 3rd period in two meals daily, and at a rate of 50% during 4th and 5th periods in five meals daily. The rations were offered at 8: 30 and 16: 00h in two meals, and at 8: 30, 11: 30, 14: 30, 17: 30, and 20: 30h in five meals. The results are as follows : 1) The body temperature and the respiration rate were above 39.5°C and 75 resp./min respectively, from 2nd period to 5th period, during which the mean air temperature exceeded 27°C, but they weren't affected by the amount of concentrate and its feeding frequency. 2) There were no differences between group C and T in the ratios of the dry matter intake during each period to that during 1st period. However, the ratios of the estimated TDN intake during 3rd-5th periods to that during 1st period in group T tended to be higher than those in group C. This results suggested that the energy intake during a hot summer paralleled with increasing the rate of concentrate. 3) The magnitude of decreasing rates of the milk yield during 3rd-5th periods in group T tended to be lesser than those in group C. But the milk yield wasn't affected by the feeding frequency. 4) The milk fat contents during 2nd and 3rd period in group T was lesser than those in group C. But in group T more frequent times of feeding wite high-concentrate alleviated the reduction of the milk fat content during a hot summer and increased the 4% fat-corrected milk yield. 5) The amount of concentrate and its feeding frequency have no significant effects on the protein and solids-not-fat contents of the milk. 6) It is suggested that the main response to the increase of the rate of concentrate appears to alleviate the energy intake and the milk yield depression during a hot summer and that the main response to the increase of the meal frequency appears to lessen the reduction of the milk fat content during a hot summer.
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