Biodegradation of Heavy Oil Spilled from the Russian Tanker, Nakhodka, on the Sea of Japan Coast.
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The oil-tanker, Nakhodka was wrecked in the Sea of Japan in January, 1997. The oil-spill from the vessel's damaged tanks polluted the coastline of Ishikawa prefecture. In order to evaluate the oil-degrading potential of coastal areas and to develop bioremediation techniques, surveys the distribution and numbers of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (HDB) and degradation of spilled oil by micriobial populations in sea water at the oil-polluted sites of Ishikawa were carried out. The numbers of HDB ranged from 10<SUP>2</SUP>-10<SUP>4</SUP> MPN 100 ml<SUP>-1</SUP> of sea water during the 11 months after the spill at 2 sampling points. In the laboratory experiments, degradation activity of the Nakhodka's heavy fuel oil, spilled oil and weathering oil attached to sand by microbial populations in sea water was examined on the basis on the rate of reduction of the components in heavy oils. In regards to oil-biodegrading ability, the percentage and rate of reduction was 17 % and 3.3g/m<SUP>3</SUP> sea water/day on weight of exracts with dichloromethane and 33% and 5.2g/m<SUP>3</SUP> sea water day on weight of extracts with <I>n</I>-hexan-extract, respectively. The addition of nutrients (N, P) enhanced the biodegradation of the Nakhodka's heavy fuel oil and the spilled oil by microbial populations in sea water. Adding nutrients to the sea water sample doubled rate of reduction of exracts with <I>n</I>-hexane from the Nakhodka's heavy fuel oil and spilled as compared to those without nutrients. Concerning the components of heavy oils, the decomposition percentages of <I>n</I>-paraffins, dibenzothiophene, pyrene, fluoranthene were 62 %, 100 %, 63 %, 68 % and 81 % respectively after 38 days of incubation at 20 °C.. In conclusion, it is suggested that biostimulation treatment by adding nutrients would be able to accelerate oil removal from oil-polluted coasts.
- 日本環境化学会の論文
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