Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor and Outdoor Air(I).
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概要
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Fifteen kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air were measured at five houses in Kitakyushu City in summer (June-August) 1996 and in winter (January-February) 1997. Samples for VOCs were collected hourly by using two automatic sequential tube samplers, each of which equipped with 24 sample tubes packed with Carbopack B and Carbosieve S II, at outdoor and indoor in in-dividual houses. Air was sucked through each tube by a pump at a flow-rate of 100 ml min<SUP>-1</SUP> for an hour. Then, the tubes were capped with Swagelock compression fittings. The VOCs were analyzed by the system composed of automated thermal desorption device, and a gas chromatograph/mass selective detector. Most of the VOCs in indoor air showed higher concentration than those in outdoor air. Among the VOCs measured, the hourly change of chloroform and 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane concentration in indoor air was relatively large. On the other hand, the hourly change of <I>p</I>-dichlorobenzene and α-pinene concentrations in indoor air were very small. The results suggested that major emission sources of chloroform and 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane were outside of the houses. However, major emission sources of <I>p</I>-dichlorobenzene and α-pinene were inside of the houses. The concentrations of bromoform, 1, 2-dichloroethane and 1, 2-di-chloroethane were relatively low compared with other VOCs. The highest carcinogenic risk estimated in indoor air was 1.7 × 10<SUP>-5</SUP> for <I>p</I>-dichlorobenzene, and that in outdoor air was 4.9 × 10<SUP>-6</SUP> for benzene. Loss of life expectancy estimated with the 10 VOCs carcinogenic risk was 170 minutes for indoor air, 70 minutes for outdoor air.
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