An Evaluation on Analytical Methods of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Dizenzofurans in River Sediment and Shellfish
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概要
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Analytical methods of polychlorinated dibenzo-<I>p</I>-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) in bottom sediments and aquatic organisms (shellfish) were evaluated. Two extracting processes were comparatively applied to air-dried river sediment; Soxhlet extraction with toluene (SXE) and alkaline digestion at room temperature followed by extraction with <I>n</I>-hexane (ALE) . The extracts were cleaned-up on silica-gel, alumina, and activated carbon columns in the same way.<BR>Both processes provide almost the same distribution patterns of PCDDs/DFs homologues and congeners. For sediment analysis, therefore, ALE is considered to possess an almost equall extracting efficiency to conventional SXE.<BR>However, the HpCDFs and OCDF data in duplicate measurements using ALE had a wider variation than using SXE. Moreover, the HpCDDs/DFs and OCDD/DF recoveries of internal standard substances labeled with <SUP>13</SUP>C isotopes were dropped in ALE process. ALE process in organism analysis had also a same tendency of losses of internal standards. From an instability of highly chlorinated PCDDs/DFs to strong alkaline even at room temperature, alkaline treatment should be handled with care in PCDDs/DFs analysis.<BR>Furthermore, actual PCDDs/DFs data of bottom sediment and freshwater snail taken at one site of a river were compared. The ratio of organism concentration (pg/g-wet) divided by sediment concentration (pg/g-dry) was used as a bioavailability index. It decreased, on the whole, with an increase in the substituted chlorine number of PCDDs/DFs, that is, highly chlorinated PCDDs/DFs were relatively more present in sediment rather than in organism. OCDD/DF showed approximately a tenth the ratio of 1, 3, 6, 8-TeCDD.
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