Energy situations in the Soviet Union and East Europe.

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This paper discusses present energy situations in the Soviet Union and East European countries, and also foresees their future.<BR>Confronted with various issues, such as growing development cost, unreliable transport system, labor problems, environmental pollution, nuclear problems and insufficient conservation efforts, the Soviet energy situations are not good at all. But, as energy plays crucial roles to the Soviet economy, the Soviet energy trends can be the key to its economic restoration, while having massive impacts on the international energy markets.<BR>East European countries, on their part, are falling in economically very difficult situations, not only because they are facing surging energy prices, which results from introduction of the market economy, and nuclear power generation in an impasse due to anti-nuclear moves, etc. but also because they heavily depend on outside sources to cover their energy needs, with low-grade coal as the only exception. They are now helpless against the Soviet oil supply cuts and the urged shift to hard currency deals at market price. To make it worse, skyrocketting oil prices triggered by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, among others, so severely hit the East European countries that their governments could be toppled. The future of energy reforms in East Europe is very much gloomy.
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会の論文