An HRP study of primary afferent and postganglionic sympathetic neurons which innervate the temporomandibular joint in the cat.
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The location and distribution of the cell bodies of the primary afferent and postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were studied in the cat using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Fourteen adult cats weighing 2.0-3.5 Kg were used. The lateral part of each cat's unilateral TMJ capsule was surgically exposed. Then, a 5% polyacrylamide gel containing 30% HRP, which in terms of localization and prolonged presentation of HRP to the neural tissue in the capsule, is superior to a saline solution containing HRP, was injected into the capsule with a glass micropipette. The fibrous layer of the cat's TMJ capsule has been shown histologically to be thin in its medial and absent in its anterior parts. Therefore, it is possible that some HRP may leak through the above-mentioned parts of the capsule into surrounding tissue if a too great volume of the HRP gel is injected into the capsule, or the capsule is subjected to pressure after injection. To avoid HRP leakage, (1) we injected an appropriate volume which had been determined by previous experiments involving 8 cats, (1.0 μ<I>l</I>/Kg B. W.) of the HRP gel using as an indicator, of the presence of HRP-labeled neurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus and/or mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus; (2) the cats were kept under general anesthesia with their heads fixed in a stereotaxic instrument to assure immobility of their TMJs after injections of the HRP gel. The animals were allowed to survive 48-72 h. Serial frozen sections (60 μm thick) were made of the brainstem, right and left trigeminal ganglia, and of the right and left cranial cervical, caudal cervical and stellate ganglia. The sections were processed for HRP reactivity according to TMB technique by Mesulam (1978). The results obtained from 6 cats can be summarized as follows:<BR>1. HRP-labeled cell bodies of numbering from approximately 10-40 were found only in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and cranial cervical ganglion (CrCG) on the side ipsilateral to the HRP injection. No labeled cell bodies were found on the contralateral sides of TG and CrCG.<BR>2. In the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN), caudal cervical and stellate ganglia, no labeled cell bodies were found on either their right or left side. Consequently, the possibility of innervation of TMJ by MTN neurons is completely refused.<BR>3. Localization of HRP-labeled cell bodies were observed in TG. Namely, these cells were distributed almost throughout the posterolateral region of TG in its horizontal plane, which represents the mandibular division. On the other hand, the majority of the said cell bodies were concentrated to the dorsal one-third of the TG in its dorsoventral plane.<BR>4. HRP-labeled cell bodies were not localized in the CrCG in its sagittal plane, but scattered irregularly throughout the CrCG.<BR>5. The cell body diameters of 135 labeled TG neurons ranged from 11-65 μm with a bimodal distribution in which the labeled neurons were effectively separated at 35 μm into two groups of about the same number, whereas those of 109 labeled CrCG neurons ranged from 6-35 μm with a mode at 16-20 μm.<BR>6. Assuming that the cell body diameter of primary neuons is in proportion to their axon diameter, it is reasonable to consider the neurons in the TG with unmyelinated C fibers to have their cell body diameters of 35 μm or less. Consequently, it is supposed that about one-half of the labeled TG neurons belong to type C afferents and the remaining one-half are of type Aδ and type Aβ afferents.
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