Stimulation of interleukin-1 production and activation of macrophage functions by Bacteroides gingivalis.
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The purpose of this study was to understand the functional roles of macrophages in periodontal disease. In this study, we examined the effects of intraperitoneal injection of <I>Bacteroides gingivalis</I>, which is thought to be an etiological agent of adult periodontal disease, on production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and various functions of mouse peritoneal macrophages, including Fc-receptor (FcR) mediated-phagocytosis, lysosomal enzyme activity, and cytostatic activity. Macrophages from <I>B</I>. <I>gingivalis</I>-injected mice (1 mg/mouse; dry weight) produced a significant amount of IL-1 as early as one day after injection, and peak production was observed on day 3 after the injection. However, the production declined by day 5. <I>B</I>. <I>gingivalis</I> also induced increases in FcR-mediated phagocytosis, acid phosphatase activity, and cytostatic activity as early as one day after injection with the peak being detected on day 3. IL-1 activity in the macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) increased within the first 6 hr of the cultivation and then reached a plateau. The activity in the MCM was cell density- and concentration-dependent. The peak of IL-1 activity in the MCM was observed in the fractions having a molecular weight of 17, 000 as determined by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. These results show that <I>B</I>. <I>gingivalis</I> has the ability to induce functional activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages, which suggests that similar activation of macrophages may occur in lesions of periodontal disease.
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