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Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) stimulated, in a dose-dependent manner, prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) production by human fetal palatal mesenchymal cells (HFPM cells) cultured in a serum-free chemically defined medium. This increase of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> production by HFPM cells in response to EGF was completely blocked by dexamethasone, a potent inducer of cleft palate. Indomethacin, a specific inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, also inhibited EGF-stimulated PGE<SUB>2</SUB> production by HFPM cells. PGE<SUB>2</SUB> is a well-known stimulator of intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation. Elevated cyclic AMP concentration in palatal epithelial cells is observed prior to and during palate fusion, a terminal differentiation process involved in mammalian secondary palate formation. Hence it is suggested that EGF plays an important role in mammalian secondary palate formation.
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