Histopathological Study of the Salivary Glands in SL/Ni Mice
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Sjögren's syndrome in man is recognized as an autoimmune disease with the largest number overlappings with other autoimmune disease, but its detailed etiology is unknown. Attempts to obtain a laboratory model for Sjögren's syndrome have heretofore been unsuccessful. For the purpose of studying the overlap-syndrome in animals, SL/Ni mice, which spontaneously develop PN-like arteritis and SLE-like glomerulonephritis, were examined histo- and immuno-pathologically for the presence of sialadenitis, autoantibody against salivary duct epithelial cells and immune deposit in the salivary glands. 34 female SL/Ni mice were sacrificed at 2, 4, 7, 9 and 12-monthold. Lymphoid cell infiltration of the salivary glands were graded according to the histopathological findings and its prevalence was compared with that in arteritis and glomerulonephritis. Immunohistopathological investigations were performed by the direct fluorescent method to detect immune deposit and indirect fluorescent antibody method using rat salivary glands for antisalivary duct antibody.<BR>The results were as follows:<BR>1) Lymphoid cell infiltrations of a mild to moderate degree, diagnosed as sialadenitis in this study, were found in about 62% of the mice as a whole. Sialadenitis onset was from 2-month-old, and its prevalence and severity increased with aging. Moreover, the lesions of the salivary glands developed more earlier and more frequently than in arteritis and glomerulonephritis.<BR>2) Early focal sialadenitis beginning with infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the periductal areas was found to be most frequent. In the foci of lymphoid cell infiltration, destraction of basement membrane, degeneration of duct epithelial cells and lymphoid cell infiltrationbetween duct epithelial cells were found. However, epithelial proliferative changes, seen in the typical human Sjögren's syndrome, were not noted. There were no remarkable changes in the small arteries of the salivary glands except in one case.<BR>3) No immune deposits were seen in any of the cases. The antisalivary duct antibody was pseudopositive in only one case, and no obvious positive findings were found.<BR>Although there were no severe lymphoid cell infiltration with formation of epi-myoepithelial islands as seen in the typical human Sjögren's syndrome, the findings in this study indicate that SL/Ni mice may be a good model for the human overlap-syndrome in the early stage of Sjögren's syndrom.
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