Policy Evaluation in the Japanese Central Government
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概要
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The Japanese government formally introduced a policy evaluation system for the central government together with a reorganization of ministries and agencies on January 6, 2001 in order to make the central government more accountable, efficient, effective, qualify-assured, and results-oriented. However, there are new sets of problems even with the recent change. For example, how to use the policy evaluation system, what is to be evaluated (policy, program or project), who is going to evaluate (internal or external evaluators), and how to bring in scientific methodologies into the new evaluation system are just some of the unanswered questions.<BR>This paper examines the new evaluation systems of the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post, and Telecommunications; the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry; the Economic Cooperation Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Gender Equality Bureau of the Cabinet Office. These specific ministries and bureaus were chosen because the evaluations they conduct are policy-oriented and innovative and use theoretically appropriate methodologies and can serve as examples for future considerations.<BR>The Administrative Evaluation Bureau (formerly known as the Administrative Inspection Bureau of Management and Coordination Agency) of the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post, and Telecommunications is responsible for creating policy evaluation guidelines that ensure comprehensive, workable evaluation system is in place. The Bureau has four main missions: to assess the evaluation of other ministries; to administrate evaluation system throughout the government; to disclose evaluation date, methods and information; and to decide cross-ministerial plans and themes for policy evaluations. The Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (formerly known as the Ministry of International Trade and Industry) created the Policy Evaluation and Public Relations Division on July 1, 1997 making it one of the first agencies in Japan to create such a division. The Economic Cooperation Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a long experience in evaluating Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects. However, the Bureau is currently examining 'policy-lever' and 'program-level' approaches to evaluations because ODA projects needed to be re-examined from a policy as well as a programmatic perspective. The Gender Equality Bureau of the Cabinet Office (formerly known as the Prime Minister's Office) reviews policies from a gender equality perspective. This gender equality perspective is very important for a restructuring policy process because it proposes another way of thinking how to make, implement, and evaluate policies.
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