Formation of coal.

概要

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Peat has long been recognized as a precursor of coal. Peat may accumulate in a wide range of depositional area, including river flood-plains, deltas, swamps, tectonically ac-tive backarc basins associated with mountain building process, and strike-slip basins in conti-nent. The formation of peat is very sensitive with following basic requirements: (a) substantial growth of plants with at least some woody or fibrous components; (b) sufficient standing water around accumulated plant material to exclude oxidation or bacterial destruction of the organic components; (c) the absence of inorganic sediment during peat accumulation. Coal is composed of three kinds of maceral groups. The study of the decomposition of plant components associated with each depositional area has enabled prediction of the occur-rence and distribution of the precursors of coal macerals. The development from peat through anthracite is termed coalification according to in-crease of burial depth. Chemical and physical changes in the coalification process are dependent on initial depositional environments of plant materials.
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