Resorption of uncalcified and calcified cartilage in humeral growth plates of young beagle dogs.
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The mechanisms of cartilage-to-bone replacement in the endochondral bone formation of long bones have not been fully elucidated. Three-week-old male beagle dogs were perfusion-fixed with buffered glutaraldehyde, and dissected distal humeri were examined by light and electron microscopy. Calcification of growth plate cartilage occurred in the central area of the longitudinal septa, but not in the thin transverse septa. Chondrocytic lacunae were opened by removal of the transverse septa by perivascular mononuclear cells. These cells contained many RER cisterns, well-developed Golgi apparatus, dense bodies, and pale vesicles ; and a developed membrane ruffling towards the transverse septa. Phagocytosis of cartilage fragments of the longitudinal septa was also observed in mononuclear cells lacking membrane ruffling. A thin bone layer was then deposited on the remaining longitudinal septa by invading osteoblasts. Osteoclasts in such lacunal canals developed neither ruffled borders nor clear zones on the cartilage matrix, but these structures formed once the bone layer had been deposited on the longitudinal septa. Our results suggest that sequential processes take place in the cartilage-to-bone replacement in humeral growth plates: 1) removal of the transverse septal cartilage by perivascular RER-rich mononuclear cells, 2) formation of wider lacunal canals by phagocytosis of cartilage fragments in the longitudinal septa by mononuclear cells, 3) bone deposition over the remaining longitudinal septa, and 4) resorption of both calcified cartilage and bone by osteoclasts.
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