Distribution of androgen receptors between cytosolic and nuclear fractions in mouse submandibular glands and effects of testosterone injection.
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Cytosolic and nuclear androgen receptors in mouse submandibular glands of male and female mice were measured by the hydroxyapatite adsorption method using [<SUP>3</SUP>H] R1881 as a ligand. The number of androgen binding sites in the nucleus was much higher in males than in females (1, 052 fmol/mg DNA and 32 fmol/mg DNA, respectively), while the number in the cytosol was higher in females than in males (512 fmol/mg DNA and 368 fmol/mg DNA, respectively). These observations show that androgen receptors exist mainly (74%) in the nuclei of males, while they exist mostly (94%) in the cytosol of females and that there is a sex difference in the distribution of the androgen receptor between the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of the submandibular gland.<BR>The injection of testosterone altered the cellular distribution of the androgen receptor in female mice. The cytosolic receptor decreased and concomitantly the nuclear receptor increased 1 hour after injection. The decreased level of the cytosolic receptor gradually replenished, whereas the increased level of the nuclear receptor decreased gradually to the pretreatment level. The period required for the replenishment of the cytosolic receptor or for the reduction of the receptor accumulated in the nucleus was dependent on the dose of testosterone injected to the mice. Therefore, the change in the levels of cytosolic and nuclear androgen receptors following testosterone injection seemed to be paralllel with the level of circulating androgen.<BR>The process of replenishment of cytosol receptors was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that replenishment is dependent on protein synthesis. However, actinomycin D had no inhibitory effect on the receptor replenishment, suggesting that testosterone regulates the receptor synthesis in a post-transcriptional process.
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