Sex Distinguishing Chromatin in Some Invertebrates

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The three phyla investigated to determine the presence or absence of sex specific chromatin masses were the Arthropoda, Annelida and Mollusca. The arthropods were represented by members of the classes Insecta, Crustaceae, Arachnida, Chilopoda and Diplopoda; the molluscs by a member of the class Pelecypoda; and the annelids by a member of the class Polychaeta.The Feulgen technique and two different techniques using Biebrich scarlet and fast green FCF were used to demonstrate sex distinctive chromatin in tissue sections.No nuclear sexual dimorphism was evident in the interphase nuclei of somatic cells in the different genera of molluscs or annelids examined. In the Arthropoda only one organism, the male Phlocus phalangioides, in the three genera which represented the arachnids had a sex distinctive chromatin mass. Of the crustaceans examined, sex distinctive masses were seen only in somatic cell nuclei of the male Cambarus affinis and the male Cancer sp. No nuclear dimorphism was noted in the genera which represented the Chilopoda and Diplopoda or in nine of the eleven insect orders studied. In the ten genera of the order Lepidoptera examined, the interphase nuclei of adult and larval females had a distinct chromatin mass which was not seen in male nuclei. One member of the order Hemiptera, the immature and mature male Oncopeltus fasciatus, demonstrated a sex distinctive chromatin mass.
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