Typing and Molecular Epidemiology of Some Black Fungi Based on Analysis of the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in the Mitochondrial DNA.

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Exophiala jeanselmei, E. moniliae, E. spinifera, E. dermatitidis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii and Hortaea werneckii strains were investigated by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). On the basis of their mtDNA-RFLP, these species could be differentiated from each other and divided into 15, 10, 10, 1, 6, 10, 4 and 9 types, respectively. From the same mtDNA-RFLP, F. pedrosoi and F. compacta, and P. verrucosa and P. americana were believed to be the same species respectively. From the genetic relations of types in each species, E. jeanselmei, E. moniliae and E. spinifera were thought to be complex organisms consisting of some unrelated species, whereas E. dermatitidis, F. pedrosoi, P, verrucosa, C. carrionii and H. werneckii to be simple species the strains of which showed genetical similarity. In F. pedrosoi, P, verrucosa and C. carrionii, mtDNA types and their geographical distributions showed a clear correlation. Phylogenetically distantly related types were isolated mostly in South America. Consequently it was speculated that the ancestral strains of these species were in South America rather than in North America or Asia.
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