Cell biology of dimorphism in Candida albicans with special reference to respiration and mitochondrial behaviour.
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The relationship between respiration and morphogenesis in Candida albicans was examined using a synthetic medium which supports growth in yeast form at 25°C and that in mycelial form at 37°C. Under this condition, the amount of cellular protein increased exponentially at 25°C but linearly at 37°C. There were no essential differences in activity or characteristics of respiration between the yeast and mycelial forms, although induction of cyanide-respiration was more evident in the yeast-form cells. These results supported the view that the repression of respiration is not an essential event in the course of yeast-mycelium conversion.Mitochondrial behaviour during budding and yeast-hypha transition was followed by staining with a fluorescent dye, 2-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-methylpyridinium iodide (PASPMI). Yeast cells in the exponential phase contained one branched giant mitochondrion. The giant form was kept throughout the entire budding cycle, and was divided and partitioned into mother and daughter cells by cytokinesis. Upon the emergence of a germ tube from yeast cells, one end of the giant mitochondrion entered into the germ tube and developed to partially branched, elongated mitochondria. In mycelia, apical hyphal cells contained giant mitochondria, whereas elder hyphal compartments near the parent cells were vacuolated and possessed small mitochondria. The preferential localization of giant mitochondria in apical hyphae shows that the apical hyphae are the most metabolically active compartments in mycelia and can explain the linear growth of hyphae. These results were discussed on the basis of the cytological model proposed by Gow and Gooday (1985) and support the model.
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