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Three strains of Exophiala jeanselmei were isolated from 177 natural samples which were collected in rural regions of both Chiba and Ibaragi prefectures, Japan. Two of them were isolated from rotting wood and one from pine (Pinus densiflora) bark (Table 1). The colonies of these isolates on Sabouraud's dextrose agar at 27°C were blackish in color with a velvety appearance or with a yeast-like one. These isolates produced annellated conidiogenous cells (annellides) and annelloconidia (Fig. 1, 2). Conidiogenous cells of these isolates were cylindrical, obclavate or lageniform, and conidia were non-septate, subglobose, ellipsoidal to cylindrical and hyaline. Toruloid hyphae and free conidiogenous cells were present (Fig. 1-c). These morphological features of the natural isolates were almost similar to those of clinical isolates of E. jeanselmei (Fig. 3). Furthermore, there were no distinct differences between both the natural and clinical isolates in physiological characteristics concerning thermotolerance and decomposition of starch, skim milk and hypoxanthine (Table 2). One or 2 out of 3 rats, which received subcutaneous injection of 106 conidial cells of each natural isolate of E. jeanselmei, produced nodules at the sites of the injected skin (Table 3). Histopathologically, these lesions were granulomas in the lower dermis (Fig. 4-a). Fungus elements were present in all of the granulomas (Table 3, Fig. 4-b, c). The recovery of a culture from the tissues was positive in 2 of 4 animals which produced nodular lesions and in one of 5 animals which looked apparently normal at the sites (Tabel 3). These results of pathogenicity test suggest that the natural isolates of E. jeanselmei might be pathogenic for rats, even though their pathogenicity is relatively weak one. The present paper is the first report on the isolation of E. jeanselmei from nature in Japan.
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