Current topics on the scab disease resistance in barley and wheat
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概要
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The scab disease or Fusarium head blight causes a serious damage to the barley and the wheat in humid regions. However evaluating the resistance of the host plants to the scab disease is not easy, because the epidemic of the disease is largely influenced by such environmental conditions as temperature and humidity during the infection time, and the sensitivity of the host changes with developmental stage; it is most sensitive at the time of flowering. For testing the resistance of the host plants under a controlled condition, the author has developed 'cut-spike' inoculation method: At the time of flowering, spikes are taken off from the plants at the second internodes, arranged in pans with overflowing water and are inoculated with spore suspension. Spikes are kept at 25°C and at 100% humidity for two days after inoculation, and then transferred to a growth chamber where the temperature and humidity are controlled at 23∼13°C (with a sine curve) and about 95%, respectively. Illumi-nation is about 10, 000 lux during 14 hours a day. Eight days after inoculation the percentage of infected spikelets is recorded. About 5, 000 barley varieties were evaluated for seeking the resistant germplasm, and 23 highly resistant two-rowed varieties were found (Takeda and Heta). In the wheat there were three groups of resistant germplasm; winter wheat from Eastern Europe, spring wheat from China/Japan, and spring wheat from Brazil (Snijders) Scab disease resistance in barley (Takeda) and in wheat (Snijders, ) were under the control of predominantly additive minor genes. In barley heritability of the resistance was ca. 0.6 in a broad sense and was 0.4 in a narrow sense, respectively. Race differentiation due to the gene-for-gene interaction was not remarkable in barley (Takeda and Kanatani) and in wheat (Mesterhazy; Snijders and Eeuwijk). A mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol, had no relation with pathogenicity but it did with aggressiveness of the isolates (Snijders). Mutation for fungicide tolerance in Fusarium isolates developed frequently, and was easily selected by the fungicide. Therefore scab disease must be controlled by growing resistant varieties but not by the fungicides.
- 日本マイコトキシン学会の論文
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