Anatomical Observation on Five Cases of Ectopia Cordis in Calves.
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概要
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Ectopia cordis was found in five of 451 (1.1%) calves with congenital cardiovascular anomalies. Four of these 5 cases showed cervical ectopia cordis, while the remaining one showed the thoracic form. In three cases of cervical ectopia cordis, the pericardial sac extended anteriorly through the subcutaneous layer of the neck and its cranial end was attached to the occipital bone, mandible, atlas or muscles of the anterior neck. The sternums of these three calves were wide and flat, and consisted of 14 to 16 sternebrae. In the case of thoracic ectopia cordis, the middle of the sternum formed a circular defect with 6 cm in diameter and the overlying skin over this region was also defective. The pericardial sac adhered to the rim of the sternal defect and the naked heart protruded from the thoracic cavity.
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