Electrocardiographic Study of Arrhythmias in Chickens. Electrocardiographic Changes Induced by Vitamin B1 Deficiency in Rhode Island Red.:Electrocardiographic Changes Induced by Vitamin B<SUB>1</SUB> Deficiency in Rhode Island Red Chickens
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概要
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The Rhode Island Red (RIR) shows a significantly higher incidence of spontaneously occurring arrhythmia due to atrial and ventricular premature depolarization compared with other breeds of chickens as evidenced by our previous study. It has been reported that arrhythmia develops from vitamin B<SUB>1</SUB> (thiamine) deficiency in various animals and that RIR is more susceptible to thiamine deficiency than other breeds of chickens. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the relationship between the higher incidence of arrhythmia in RIR and the higher susceptibility of RIR to thiamine deficiency. Thirty young RIR and 30 young White Leghorns (WL), aged 30 days after hatching, were used for experiments in the study. For both the RIR and the WL, one group consisting of 20 chicks was raised on thiamine-deficient rations as a special diet and another consisting of 10 chicks as normal controls was raised on a conventional diet containing sufficient thiamine; thus the chicks were divided into 4 groups for this experiment. Electrocardiographic examinations were performed during the observation period of 17 day to investigate the occurrence of arrhythmia. In contrast with the findings that the control RIR and WL exhibited stable heart rates of approximately 450/min and neither arrhythmia nor alternated ECG amplitude, electrocardiographic abnormalities were noted in both the groups of VB<SUB>1</SUB>-deficient RIR and WL. Moreover, the heart rate tended to decrease gradually during the course of the study in both VB<SUB>1</SUB>-deficient groups. Five types of arrhythmia were observed in RIR (8 cases) and WL (4 cases) as follows : sinus bradycardia (RIR : 2 ; WL : 3), sinoatrial exit block (1 ; 0), sinus arrest (3 ; 0), sinus arrhythmia (2 ; 1) . In addition, ECGs showing alternated amplitudes were observed in RIR (6 cases) and WL (6 cases) as follows : T wave abnormality (5 ; 3), elevation and depression of S-T segments (1 ; 3) . The VB<SUB>1</SUB>-deficient groups showed significantly higher percentages of occurrence of arrhythmia and alternated EGG amplitude (p<0.001) . There was no significant difference in the percentage of occurrence or arrhythmia and/or alternated ECG amplitude between the two VB<SUB>1</SUB>-deficient groups.<BR>In conclusion, it seems unlikey that the higher incidence of arrhythmia in RIR found in our previous study is directly related to their higher sensitivity to VB<SUB>1</SUB> deficiency.
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