The Genesis of QT on ECGs in Experimental Animals
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概要
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There are significant differences in the configuration of QRS-T waves on electrocardiograms (ECGs) among species such as man, dog and rat. The waveform of dog ECGs, which is similar to that of man, has an "Rs" type in the QRS complex, and a prominent ST segment followed by T wave. On the other hand, the waveform of rat ECGs has an "Rs" type in the QRS complex, but no ST segment with a short QT interval. These characteristics of the ECG waveforms relate to the configuration of action potentials (APs) in the ventricular myocytes in each species. Compared to dog and man, the APs in the rat ventricular myocyte has a shorter plateau phase (phase 2) and a rapid earlier repolarization phase (phase 3). 90%-action potential durations (APD<SUB>90</SUB>) are 300-400msec in man, 200-250 msec in the dog, and 30-40 msec in the rat. The APD<SUB>90</SUB> is closely related to QT interval on ECGs in each species. Ionic currents in the ventricular myocyte are responsible for the configuration of APs. Ina. f (Na channel ) is related to the depolarization phase (phases 0 and 1), Isi (Ca channel) maintains the depolarization (phase 2). Ikr and Ito (K channels) reduce the depolarization (phase 2) and produce the repolarizaiton (phase 3). Iki is related to Ek (phase 4). Compared to man and dogs, the rat ventricular myocyte has a much larger Ito current (K channel) (Ikr, partially) with a much smaller Isi current (Ca channel). These characteristics of ionic currents in the myocyte are one of the major sources of the species differences in QRS-T waveforms on ECG.
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