Anatomical Closure of the Foramen Ovale in Cattle

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Anatomical closure of the foramen ovale (FO) was studied in cattle and full-term fetuses.<BR>In the fetal hearts, FO was a large short tube connecting the left caudal portion of the right atrium to the right cranial portion of the left atrium. It was covered by the septum primum and the septum secundum.<BR>After birth, the cranial part of the septum primum became thicker and was constricted and subsequently fused with the septum secundum at the cranial end of FO. The fusion extended backward. After closure of FO, the caudal part of the septum primum persisted as the fossa ovalis, forming the caudal part of the atrial septum.<BR>In Holstein cattle, the earliest closure of FO was observed in a 17-day-old calf and FO was closed in most cases exceeding three months of age. In Japanese Black cattle, the earliest closure was observed in a 19-day-old calf, but the time of anatomical closure of FO varied among individuals.
日本獣医循環器学会の論文