Mass Decontamination in Chemical Disaster in Japan.
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概要
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Chemical incidents may have major, unexpected consequences, and hospitals must be prepared to implement special measures agaist such occurrences, including terrorism. To determine the status of such measure, we sent questionnaires to 65 facilities-13 major fire defense facilities in major cities and 52 core disaster medical centers nationwide--obtaining a 84.6% valid response. Of fire defense facilities, 90.9% anticipated chemical disasters in highway traffic accident, 81.8% anticipated chemical disasters at chemical plants, and 72.7% anticipated chemical terrorism. No fire defense facilities assumed that chemical disasters would not occur. Among core disaster medical centers, only 20.5% anticipated chemical disasters due to highway traffic accidents, only 18.2% anticipated chemical plants accidents, and only 13.6% anticipated chemical terrorism. The percentage of core disaster medical centers not anticipating any chemical disasters numbered 68.2%. While all fire defense facilities had chemical disaster manuals, none of the core disaster medical centers did. All fire defense facilities had personal protective equipment (PPE), whereas only 4.5% of core disaster medical centers did. If three factors-PPEs, collection of waste liquids, and decontamination of victims lying down-are considered a fundamental definition for mass decontamination, no fire defense or medical facilities was capable of mass decontamination, most frequently due to budgetary limitations. Among fire defense facilities the question existed whether such facilities were responsibile for mass decontamination. Responsibilities in mass decontamination must thus be defined both nationally and locally. During this fiscal year, distribution of decontamination-facilities and PPEs to core disaster medical centers will be initiated by the Japanese government. Disaster medical centers should, first of all, assume that chemical disasters will occur, then draw up chemical disaster manuals and ensure personnel are properly trained through regular and practical chemical disaster drills.
- 一般社団法人 日本救急医学会の論文
一般社団法人 日本救急医学会 | 論文
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