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• The domestic ducks fed in the open yard showed the incubation behaviours in eleven cases during the observation period over two years. In two cases among them, the hatchings and rearings were followed successfully.The occurrence of incubation was limited from late in May to late in September, mostly in July. It seemed that two females in the same pen started in and terminated their incubation behaviours synchronously in time.The females at the stage of incubation carried out not only egg turning with their bills in the nest, but egg-retrieval in the similar way. When they left their nest, the eggs in it were frequently covered with the materials of which the nest was composed. Throughout the incubation period, the frequency of bathing was decreased remarkably. Instead of it, "pseudo-bathing" movement was observed and it is regarded as a kind of vaccum activity.The vocalization of females altered during brooding period, and its alteration was remarkable at the late stage of incubation. They quacked very frequently in a laud and deep voice whenever they returned to their nests. The females became generally so aggressive that they showed some peculiar threatening and attacking behaviours. Additonally, it was observed for them to throw ont the nest materials. These movements may be considered as a displacement nest-building behaviour which express the threatening sense.The drake did not directly participate in the incubation. However, it seems that he supported female through his activities getting rid of ducks in the other groups.

• 日本家禽学会の論文

日本家禽学会 | 論文

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