Gizzard Erosion and Ulceration in Broiler Chicks:1. Field Outbreaks and Reproduction of the Disease
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概要
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From 1978 to 1979, outbreaks of a disease in broiler chicks, chiefly manifested as gizzard lining erosion and ulceration, were observed in the Shikoku and Chugoku regions of Japan. The disease was liable to occur in flocks of chicks over 9 days old fed specific diets. When these diets were replaced by some other diet, the symptoms of the disease disappeared in a few days, though a subsequent reduction of growth rate was apparent. No factors, such as breed, origin of chicks, structure of rearing house, management practice, and season of the year, were found to exert any influence on this disease. The clinical signs exhibited included diarrhea, black vomitus, poor development, listlessness, loss of appetite, dehydration, and sopor. Postmortem examination revealed the presence of remarkable black watery contents in the crop and gizzard, and erosion and ulceration of the gizzard. In dead chicks, some of the ulcers were found to spread through the gizzard wall to the abdominal cavity. Besides, swelling and obscuring of papillae, an increase in proventricular mucus, and distention and metamorphosis of the proventriculus were observed. Microscopically, remarkable gizzard erosion and ulceration accompanied with alteration, necrosis, disruption and regeneration of the glandular layer, and desquamation of the keratinoid layer were noted. No bacteria regarded as causative agents of these conditions were detected. Test feeding trials were then performed with diets which had been given to flocks involved in outbreaks. These trials were carried out with broiler birds in both starter and finisher stage of feeding. The appearance of the disease accompanied with the some symptoms and lesions as described above was observed in flocks of birds fed diets which had been used for birds involved in outbreaks.
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