Development of the Femur, Tibia and Metatarsus in the White Cornish Male and Female Birds in Special Reference to Sexual Maturity
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The development of the three long bones in the leg, that is, the femur, tibia and fibula, and metatarsus of the White Cornish, were studied from 5 to 35 weeks of age. Five female and male birds each were chosen at random out of the flocks and were sacrificed every five weeks. Seventy birds were used in total.Although the bones elongated rapidly until 15 weeks of age, elongtion almost ceased thereafter. It seemed, therefore, that the skeleton of the birds attained to its mature size at about 15 weeks of age, irrespective of the mineral composition of the bone.Ash weight of the bones increased almost at the same rate as the body weight increase until 20 weeks of age in both sexes. It increased at higher rate than body weight increase after 20 weeks of age, presumably because of the onset of sexual maturity.In the female, medullary bone was formed in medullary cavity of the femur and tibia at 25 weeks of age and thereafter, when the egg laying activity commenced. Along with the formation of medullary bone, a striking increase in ash weight of the femur and tibia occured throughout the period from 20 to 35 weeks of age (Fig. 2 and photograph). The pattern of increase in ash weight of the femur and tibia became clearly different from that of the metatarsus, in which no medullary bone was formed at any time.In the male, ash weight of the femur, tibia and metatarsus continued to increase, with increments over 30 percent, during the period from 20 to 35 weeks of age, notwithstanding there was only 2 percent increment in body weight during the period. (Fig. 3) The testes weight of the male attained mature size at about 25 weeks of age, that is, the male bird reached to sexual maturity at about this time. Whether the rapid increase of ash content of the bones at the period of sexual maturity being integrated by the testicular hormone needs further study. No medullary bone was formed in the bones of the male at any time (photograph).
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