Physiology of Egg Production in the Fowl:Presence of Proteolytic Enzymes in Egg Yolks and Atretic Follicles of Chickens

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Proteolytic enzymes are known to exist in a wide variety of tissues. ADAMS AND SMITH demonstrated the existence of two distinct proteinases having pH optima at 3.8 and 8.2 in the anterior lobes of bovine and procine pituitaries.This experiment was undertaken to elucidate the existence of proteinases in normal yolks of chickens and in atretic follicles induced in laying hens by starvation. Samples used for the analysis of the enzymes were diluted 5 times by distilled water or by phosphate buffer of pH at 7.12. In this experiment, the increase of absorbency at 280 mμ by spectro-photometer was defined to be the proteinase activity of the samples.Following are the results we obtained1) Normal egg yolks showed the proteinase activity of the absorbancy of 0.014 in average at pH4. The enzymatic activity at pH8.2, however, was negative in our diluted samples of egg yolks.2) Egg yolks laid by each hen and follicles maturing in her ovary showed relatively constant level of proteolytic activity.3) Proteolytic activity was weak in egg white and negative in blood serum at pH8.2 and pH4, respectively.4) An accererated activity of proteolytic enzyme was elucidated in atretic follicles, which showed the absorbancy of 0.130 at pH4. But, the activity at pH8.2 was negative in these follicles.
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