Hypertrophic Responses of Cardiomyocytes Induced by Endothelin-1 through the Protein Kinase C-Dependent but Src and Ras-Independent Pathways.

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We have previously shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) modulates mechanical stretch-induced hypertrophic responses such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation in cardiac myocytes. This study was undertaken to elucidate the ET-1-evoked signal transduction pathways leading to ERK activation. ET-1 was added to cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats with or without a variety of inhibitors. ET-1 activated ERKs, which were followed by an increase in protein synthesis, and inhibition of protein kinase C activities by calphostin C completely suppressed the ET-1-induced ERK activation. We next examined whether tyrosine kinases or Ras are involved in ET-1-induced signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor did not attenuate ET-1-induced activation of ERKs. Also, co-transfection of the dominant-negative mutant of Ras or active mutant of C-terminal Src kinase, a tyrosine kinase which inhibits Src family tyrosine kinases, with hemagglutinin-tagged ERK2 had no effects on ET-1-induced ERK2 activation. On the other hand, blockade of Raf-1 kinase function by overexpression of the dominant-negative mutant of Raf-1 kinase completely inhibited ET-1-induced ERK2 activation. These results suggest that protein kinase C and Raf-1 kinase, but not Src or Ras, are critical to ET-1-induced ERK activation in cardiac myocytes. (Hypertens Res 1999; 22: 113-119)
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