工業県における「満洲」農業移民の展開と行政村の対応:神奈川県津久井郡青根村を事例に
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概要
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This paper focuses on the expansion of Japanese peasant emigration to Manchuria and the responses of town and village offices to that situation. This paper also analyzes the various problems that arose during that process. The area in question, the Village of Aone, was a mountain village that was heavily dependent on the timber industry and the silkworm industry ; farming in the village was run on a small-scale. Rife with industry, Kanagawa Prefecture initially had little interest in encouraging emigration to Manchuria, but the prefecture began encouraging emigration when emigration to Manchuria became national policy.The prefecture established branch villages in Manchuria with emigrants primarily from mountain villages in the prefecture with little potential for agricultural output. In 1941, the Village of Aone established a branch village in accordance with national and prefectural policies. Villages with emigrants received large subsidies from the state to improve the basis of production. The Village of Aone sent 34 households with 156 residents to Manchuria. However, villagers were uninterested in the emigration plan and the plan initially failed to meet its quota of emigrants. As a result, participants were recruited from outside the prefecture and from urban areas in the prefecture, like the City of Yokohama. Having received the state's subsidy, Aone's village office had to carry out the emigration plan. The village office was placed in a difficult position, with strong demands for emigration from the state and prefecture on the one hand and villages disinclined to emigrate on the other. Amidst these circumstances, both the village leader and individual responsible for recruiting emigrants themselves had to relocate to Manchuria.
- 日本村落研究学会の論文