Multiple Solutions of Double-Diffusive Convection in Porous Media due to Opposing Heat and Mass Fluxes on Vertical Walls

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The double-diffusive convection in a porous medium due to the opposing heat and mass fluxes on the vertical walls is solved analytically. In the former analysis, we investigated only when ω < π, the parameter arising from a combination among the density stratification and the buoyancy effects. However, it is shown in the present research that a solution is also possible when ω > π. The Sherwood number Sh is shown to decrease monotonically with an increase in the buoyancy ratio N when ω > π, and Sh approaches 1 when N is 1. We define Nmin as the minimum value of N when Ω is imaginary and ω = π. Nmin increases with an increase in Rc. However, Nmin approaches a constant as Le increases. Furthermore, although the convection pattern is mainly temperature-driven, concentration-driven convection cells also exist under certain.