ベトナムにおける稲わらバイオエタノール生産の経済· 環境評価
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概要
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Bioethanol production from rice-straw is carbon neutral and less competitive with food supplies. This technology is called second generation bioethanol production. To facilitate rice-straw bioethanol production, economic and environmental evaluations are needed with consideration of its life-cycle period, i.e. plant construction phase, production phase and scrapping phase of the plant.The present study aims to show the economic and environmental merits of rice-straw bioethanol production during its life-cycle period in Vietnam, where huge amounts of rice-straw are left unused. We also considered three different technology scenarios, i.e. the present technology, advanced technology in which the conversion rate of bioethanol production from rice-straw increases, and innovative technology in which new production methods and economies of scale are realized.The results show that, first, rice-straw bioethanol production corresponds to 22 to 53% of the present annual gasoline consumption and investments for plant construction account for 14 to 18% of the present annual investments in Vietnam. Second, the total amount of induced production (LCP) and induced gross value added (LCV) during the life-cycle period was smaller than the life-cycle cost (LCC) under the present and advanced technology. In contrast, the innovative technology increased LCP and LCV, producing a net benefit in bioethanol production. Third, bioethanol production under the present technology emitted more greenhouse gas (GHG) than the reduction from gasoline consumption replaced by bioethanol, but the advanced and innovative technologies reduced the life-cycle GHG emissions as a whole.Based on these results, we conclude bioethanol production under the present technology is hardly acceptable from the economic and environmental points of view. To overcome such problems, technological progress in rice-straw bioethanol production is highly needed. In this sense, the Vietnamese government and developed countries such as Japan should support research and development projects.JEL Classification: C67, Q27, Q28, Q58, Q54