Clostridium difficile Infection Associated with Antituberculous Agents in a Patient with Tuberculous Pericarditis

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Clostridium difficile can cause pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). Antimicrobial agent exposure is a risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated disease, whereas the use of antituberculous (anti-TB) agents is not. We herein report a case of PMC-associated with antituberculous therapy. A 63-year-old woman with tuberculous pericarditis treated with anti-TB agents was admitted for abdominal pain and diarrhea. On colonoscopy, mucoid exudate and yellowish plaque lesions were observed. The anti-TB agents were discontinued, and the patient was treated with metronidazole and clostridium butyricum. Her symptoms were relieved and did not recur when the anti-TB agents were restarted. In this report, we review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this case.