児童に於ける重量知覚,特にシャルパンチェ錯覚の成立について
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概要
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The aim of this study was to trace the course of the unfolding of the developmental principle of differentiation and integration by way of the experiment on Charpentier's illusion (the size-weight illusion) in children.<BR>The first two experiments (Exp. I and II) showed clearly that the weight illusion through size made rapid development between 4 and 5 years of mental age. The mentally retarded children of the same mental age as the normal children showed similar development with this illusion. However, the children under 4 years of age seldom experienced the illusion. This may be accounted for by the following two statements :<BR>(1) The weight perception among these younger children is not so well developed as in the adult. The behavior of those children who belonged to the 3rd group in Exp. I and whose average age 3 years showed no differentiation between their visual and weight perception. As the result, when they compared two objects which differed in size, their weight perceotion was disturbed by visual impression.<BR>(2) As Friedlander said, Charpentier's illusion is caused by the contrast between the real weight and the expecting image that the bigger object is heavier. In younger children this expecting image does not appear because of less experience.<BR>In Exp. III three kinds of test were given to mentally retarded children, 1) arrangement of five objects according to their size, 2) arrangement of the same sized five objects according to their weight, 3) arrangement of four objects differing in size according to their weight. Among the three tests, the last one was the hardest for our observers. The results of this experiment would show that weight perception is a higher mental function than visual perception and that it is formed by differentiating and integrating the various fields of perception.<BR>The result of Exp. IV, In which size illusion through weight was tested, underlined the correctness of the above statements.<BR>In conclusion, it may be said that the perception of weight is perfected by the differentiation and integration of the various fields of, perception and in these processes one's experience iu his life situation plays an important role.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文