白ねずみに於ける社会的学習
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概要
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From a logical point of view, social learning, in which a follower rat learn response in the presence of a leader rat responding to a cue, can be regarded as a type of discrimination learning. Therefore, in order to test the continuity controversy over the role of reinforcement, a reversal experiment, combined with social learning experiment, was conducted. Each of 45 rats was run after a leader rat 8 times a day, upon a simple T maze, after 24 hours of food deprivation. In the 1st experiment (Fig. 2-5), rats were rewarded with food for their right responses, but were punished with mild electric shock for their responses to the irrelevant cue; in the 2nd experiment (Fig. 6-8) they were not punished but only withheld food reward for their incorrect response. The experimental situation is shown in Fig. 1.<BR>The rats were divided into 6 kinds of groups, the required responses of which were the following: (1) non-imitative, positional response (Fig. 2); (2) non-imitative, discrimination of the lamp, without reversal training (Fig. 3, group II, and Fig. 6); (3) imitative response, without reversal training (Fig. 4, Group II, and Fig. 7); (4) inverse-imitative response (Fig. 5 and Fig. 8); (5) non-imitative, discrimination of the lamp, with reversal training (Fig. 3. group V); (6) imitative response, with reversal training (Fig. 4. group VI)<BR>Respective cues to the right responses were (1) kinaesthetic or spacial orientation; (2) and (5) a lamp switched on; (3), (4) and (6) the leader's response to positional or lamp cues.<BR>The criterion of the problem solution was defined as the achievment of the performance, in which the rat shows no longer as many as 25% errors.<BR>Taking the total number of trails before the completion of learning as an index of the learning speed of the rat, a comparison of the performances of the above groups gives the following results:<BR>1) in the presence of the leader rat, a positional response irrespective of the leader rat was most easily acquired.<BR>2) in the presence of the leader rat, discrimination of the lamp was comparatively easily acquird, and the behavior of the non-imitator was stable.<BR>3) imitation of the leader rat was apparent, but the behavior of the imitator was not so stable as that of the non-imitator.<BR>4) the inverse-imitation of the behavior of the leader rat was almost unseccessful.<BR>5) the retardating effect of the reversal training was not perceived in the groups of both imitative and lamp discrimination.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文