記憶痕跡変容の法則-上-再生法とその検証
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概要
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The aim of this experiment is to investigate whether the memory field is governed by the Gestalt law or not as perceptual field is. To examin this problem I take the method of successive reproduction and recognition of the simple figures.Procedures are as follows; Ex. I. The five figures (Fig. I) are used in this experiment and they are drawn with black ink on the pieces of white cardboard 9×6.5cm. in size. The instructions are as follows; look at the figure with the intention of reproducing it later as accurately as possible. Each figures are exposed for 5sec., and reproduction is requested, 30sec., one day, four days, 2 weeks later and one more day after recognition is requested. Ex. II. is the verification of the Ex. I. The four figures (Fig. 14) are used. Cardboard used is 22.5×15.5cm in size. Other procedures are the same as Ex. I.Rusults;(1) It is not difficult to find levelling and sharpening, when we see the figure its principal structual aspects, but when we see only in subparts, there are various modifications and we can not decide objective standard of the good Gestalt, and can not interprete all deviation from the standard in terms solely of sharpening and levelling.(2) We can not decide the objective standard of the good Gestalt in individual reproduction, so we sought the standard of the good Gestalt for the trends of changes or persistent deviation in the series of reproductions of a given subject. I regurated five types in them.1. Streotyped Deviation. (S. D.) changes which appeared in the first reproduction maintained strictly unaltered throughout the entire series of reproductions. (28.6%) Fig. 4.2. Ambiguous Deviation (A. D.) changes which appeared in the first reproduction maintained unaltered not strictly but rather ambiguously throughout the entire series of reproductions. (31.4%) Fig. 6.3. Progressive Deviation (P. D.) changes show progressive trends of deviation in the direction of sharpening or levelling of the principal structural aspects of the figures. (20.0%) Fig. 5.4. Non-deviated type have no changes, their reproductions are relatively same as the stimulus figure (8.6%)5. Confused Deviation. Their changes have no persistent direction. (11.4%) Fig. 7.(3) Relationship between reproduced figure and recognized figure. (Table 2)……The structural characteristics of the figure recognized are carefully compared with the corresponding characteristics in the successive reproductions, and the first which eir character are generally equal are tabulated in terms of positive relationship ("p") and the second which there are contradict between the principal structures of successive reproductions and the structural characters of the recognition are tabulated in terms of negative relationship ("n"), and the third which are midway between positive and negative relationships are tabulated in terms of midway rerationship. ("mid")Only 8.6% of total numbers are continuous and show positive relationship with the figure recognized And total for all cases of persistent deviation (S.D.+A.D.+P.D.) in reproduction showing a positive relationship with corresponding characters in the figure recognized are 28.5%. On the other hand the cases showing a negative relationship with corresponding characters in the figure recognized are 35.7%(4) In the cases which show the negative relationship between reproduced figure and recognized figure, the subject first select two figure groups which have different structural character one another, from the recognition list, one group are similar to his own reproduction and another are similar to the standard figure, and finaly recognized the standard or relatively similar figure to the standard, in spite of his own reproduction (Table 7, the process of recognizing)(5) In reproduction, more complicated figures show the positive relationship and relatively simple figures
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