学習過程の因子分析的研究-1-
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概要
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Problem : Many behavioral factors are operating simultaneously through the learning process-not only in acquisition period but in extinction one.<BR>Up to this time, a few factorial studies have been carried out with regard to the animal performance in acquisition process. And such studies have contributed, in certain degree, to clarifying the nature of acquisition, although the factors thus far isolated need further examination.<BR>To the contrary, no such factor-analytical techniques have been applied to the animal performance in extiction Process. According to the authgr's viewpoint, it is quite necessary for us to isolate and identify primary factors operating in the extinction process, before we out to make an experimental approach to the problem of extinction as an important behavioral phenomenon.<BR>The present study was designed as a preliminary attempt to isolate primary factors and specify the course of their rise and wane during both acquisition and extinction processes by applying the factorial technique to the experimentally obtained data.<BR>Experument I : Twenty-five white rats were used as Ss. A Skinner box was used as an apparatus. Each rat was allowed to make thirty continuously reinforced lever-pressing responses in acquisition period. Ten minutes with no response was viewed ls the criterion of complete extinction.<BR>The entire period of acquisition was divided into six sub-periods with equal number of lever-pressing responses, and the entire period of extinction was divided after the Vincent's method into five sub-periods. The time required for each sub-period was used as the measure. From the intercorrelation matrix obtained between the sub-periods of both acquisition and extinction processes, four centroid factors were extracted and rotated for simple structure.<BR>Then, being based upon the pattern of rise and wane of each factor, a tentative interpretation of these factors was made. They were considered as something like the following factors : (a) "relevant reaction potential", (b) "reaction potential" influenced directly by food-incentive, (c) "cognitive or learning", and (d) "emotional adaptability".<BR>Experiments II and III : Now, a new question came forth whether these factors as well as the pattern of their rise and wane were unique for this experiment or common to all experimental data of such kind. In order to answer this question, the similar analyzing procedure was carried out about the two sets of other experimental data which had been obtained by other investigators. In these experiments were used ten-unit maze and simple T-maze respectively as the apparatus.<BR>According to the results of the analysis for the Experiment II, a factor slightly different from something.like "irrelevant reaction potential" was isolated. Nevertheless, the general pattern of the rise and wane of the factors in these data was fairly similar.<BR>Finally, some problems to be inquired further, i. e., the problems of verification of factors and of measures were discussed.
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