The serialization of salivary conditioned reflexes in human subjects
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概要
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The “dynamic stereotype” of the cortical activity (or the serialization of conditioned reflexes) was shown by pavlov as one of the complicated higher nervous activities. However, there is very little evidence for it. The present investigation was designed to confirm this phenomenon in human subjects and to analyse this function, as well as to procure manerial for future study.<BR>Part I of his experiment consisted of the serialization of three positive conditioned reflexes (tone, light, tactile), part II consisted of two positive and one negative onditioned reflexes (metronome, ton (-), tactile), and part III of three positive and one negative conditioned reflexes (metronome, tone (-), tactile, light).<BR>After the serialization of CRs was sufficiently established in nine subjects for she CSs which were repeated at equal intervals (part I, 5.5 min. ; part II, III, 4.5 min. intervals) in the same order of succession (the above mentioned orders of CSs), the following results were obtained in four experiments.<BR>1. When only the first CS in the series (part I, tone ; part II, III, metronome) was used, the effect of this single CS on the series was the same as when the entire series of CSs were given.<BR>2. As a substitute for the CSs, the same stimulus (part I, tone ; part II, III, metronome) was applied successively at the same intervals (Part I, 5.5 mil : part. II, III, 4.5 min.). It was found that the conditioned effect of this stimulus changed according to the stimulus it replaced ; that is, in each case, this stimulus produced a reaction not proper to itself but to the stimulus which it replaced.<BR>3. When the order of stimulus presentation in the series was changed part I, [tone, light, tactile]→[tactile, tone, light]; part II, [metronome, tone, tactile]→[tone, tactile, metronome]; part III, [metronome, tone, tactile, light]→[tactile, metronome, light, tone], the disturbance of the series effect in the CR was found. Four types of these disturbances were observed.<BR>4. When intervals of the stimulus bresentation in the series were changed 4.5 min. to 2.25 min. intervals, [4.5, 4.5, 4.5 min.]→[2.5, 2, 9 min.], it disturbed the series effect in the CR also. Besides, the real stimuli effects were found only in cases when these stimuli were applied at equal at intervals.<BR>The results confirmed the serialization of CRs in human subjects.<BR>The mechanism of the serialization of CRs in the present study indicated that the temporal CR was established by UCS given at regular time intervals, and UCSs being connected with external stimuli (CSs), maked a compound CS. In this way the serialization of CSs were established.<BR>These four types of disturbances of the serialization of conditioned reflexes seemed to correlated with Pavlov's ‘type of nervous system’. Analysis of disturbance-types would help towards the study of particular types of CR.