β運動における二点間の網膜的並びに現象的間隔の役割について
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概要
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Problem-The Korte's law of the optimal phase of the β apparent movement suggests that the time interval and the spatial extent between two stimuli are proportional. There are three kinds of extent : objective, retinal and phenomenal. Which of them relates most closely to the time interval at the optimal phase of the β movement? The purposes of this study were to answer this question and to investigate the so-called "phenomenal" extent more operationally.<BR>Procedure- This series of experiments were conducted by the similar procedure with Ogasawara's experiment in 1936, which aimed at the investigation about the influence of the phenomenal extent upon the β movement. The present experiments consisted of tests of β movement (Exp. I-XI) and size (extent) constancy (Exp.II′-XI′) under the same condition. The proximal (rentinal) and distal (objective) constellation of stimuli were represented in each figure. Their variations were operationally interlocked (Fig. 2-6, 11) or counterbalanced (Fig. 7-10) by the co-Variation of the objective extents and the observation distances.<BR>Results and Discussion-As long as the results were interpreted under a certain implicit assumption that size (extent) constancy should exist in the light room but should not exist at all in the dark room, present results were identical with Ogasawara's results. That is to say, the phenomenal extent might be a main determinant which influenced the β movement.<BR>The concept of the phenomenal extent, however, is very ambiguous. The meaning of that term was discussed and apparent extent were measured by the usual experimental method of size constancy in each condition in order to check Ogasawara's conclusion. Results were as follows : In the dark room, the measured extents were not always parallel to extents, but revealed the regression to the objective extents as required by the law of size constancy (Fig. 4, 5, 6, 8, 10a, 10b). In the light room, the measuredextents in each condition were parallel to the objective extents (Fig. 2, 3, 7, 9a, 9b). In the present experiments the implicit assumption held only for the conditions of light room.<BR>The phenomenal extent in our terminology, therefore, was not always the main determinant. Under the conditions of the dark room, the retinal or peripheral extents were most closely related to the β movement. Under the condition also of monocular observation through a reduction slit in the light room, the measured apparent extents showed the size constancy effect, while the time intervals of β movement remained constant together with the retinal extents (Fig. 11).<BR>Peripheral determinants are more influential in the conditions of β movement than under static conditions of stimulus presentation.<BR>It is insisted that retinal extent which influenced the β movement should not be neglected under the condition of the dark room. Further, it is suggested that the retinal factor or at least the subcortical one might play an effective role and it would be too general to assert that "phenomenal" extent was exclusively the main determinant of the β movement.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文