國語象徴音の表現性について 表現の心理學 (V)
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概要
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<I>Purpose</I>: In this experiment we try to explain the construction and function of phonetic symbolism in Japanese.<BR><I>Materials</I>: The words used in this exp. are 418 which are formed of 2 syllables and used repeatedly as adverb, for example <I>paka-paka, peki-peki, bara-bara, basabasa, poko-poko, haki-haki, hara-hara etc</I>.<BR><I>Method</I>: Subjects are orderd to make a short sentence using a stimulus word adverbially with noun and verb as the completion test. Ss are 4 Japanese students and 3 Chinese girl students. <I>Results</I>:<BR>1. Easiness and hardness of expression The time which needs to complete a sentence is different from words and persons. But considering the frequency curve (Fig. 1), these words be recognized as current words for Japanese except few words. And the expression of the words which need short reaction time have generally a common meaning for all Ss.<BR>2. Limitation of meaning The representation of the meaning by the voice is limited by following factors.<BR>A) Relation of clear and turbid in consonants -k-g, s-z, t-d, h-p-b-The clear sound is bright and strong, the turbid is dark and weak.<BR>B) Character of double consonants Some consonants which connected with y, as kya, gya, sya, zya, tya-, represent childish, feeble, tumble and rashness.<BR>C) Character of vowel i express small and sharp feeling, a and o express large feeling,. a expresses clearer, warmer and larger than o, but o smaller but sharper than a, u is between a and o, e is smaller than o.<BR>Therefore the vowels may be arranged from small to large in the order of -I→E→O→U→A.<BR>D) Character of other consonants It is difficult to definit strictly the symbolic character of consonant expect above mentioned, but s and <I>k</I> seems to show slender, <I>m</I> fragility.<BR>3. Commutability of meaning<BR>Interpretation of the same words by each S. is not always same. The sameinterpretation by all Japanese is not agreeable with the interpretation by Chinese. Japanese students are mostly agreeable with each other in interpreting words as things, but Chinese students express the same words as onomatopoeia.<BR>Generally the voice symbolize the matters by mean of the quality of vocal sound and the melody and rythm of pronunciation that is so called Gestaltqualitat, but when the matters are expressed by the latter, the special contents of perception can be changed transpositionaly, therefore the commutability of meaning in the phonetic symbolism is extended.<BR>But the commutability is limited in a definite meaning by the habit of using the words, and by the habit he phonetic symbolism becomes communicable and a special speech community is formed.<BR>In short the word is not only a meaning clanging to ear, but a voice clinging to habit.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文