項目列の異なれる属性に基づく空間的情報の処理--同異反応時間による分析
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概要
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In the information processing approaches to component aspects of human pattern recognition, it is necessary to give careful consideration to types of information to be processed and also information sources or stimulus attributes yielding information. For these information characteristics, different processing modes and processing rates may be observed behaviorally. The present study investigated two modes of spatial information processing for an array (two rows of 1 to 8 items in each) of colored alpha-numeric stimuli as measured by the "same-different" reaction time (RT). If both rows had exactly the same arrangement with respect to a predetermined stimulus attribute of either class (letters and digits) or color (red and blue), in other words, if every pair of the upper and lower items was the same with respect to a given attribute, the "same" response was to be made, and if otherwise, the "different" response was to be made.Ten kinds of stimulus arrays were prepared as well-counterbalanced examples for each condition of Item-Pairs (8)×Attributes (2)×"Same"-"Different" Responses (2). Generally, a half of each row consisted of letters and the other half digits, both in red and blue an equal number of times. Arrays for the "different" condition had one "different" pair of items at a random position. On a given trial, following a verbal instruction of "ready" and appearance of a fixation point, an array was presented, to which the S made a key-response, and a feedback light immediately informed S whether his response had been correct or not. Eight undergraduates served as Ss. Main results are summarized as follows:RTs were significantly affected by the number of item-pairs, the functional relation between the number of item-pairs and the RT being linear (Fig. 2). In the class attribute, "same" RTs increased at the rate of about 280msec/pair as item-pairs increased, and "different" RTs at the rate of about 160msec/ pair. In the color attribute, the rate was about 50msec/pair without regard to response condition. These findings indicated that the spatial informations from the class attribute of arrays were processed serially, and that those from the color attribute were processed very rapidly, though it could not be determined whether the processing mode was serial or parallel.The difference between the processing rates of "same" and "different" responses in the condition of class attribute was considered to be an evidence of the serial self-terminating mode. This interpretation received further support to some extent from the data in Fig. 3. However, the data also indicated that the serial mode did not always have a fixed order on every trial but that the serial order varied from trial to trial.Consideration of the simple RT (about 240msec) and the data in Fig. 2 suggested that a central processing time for naming and categorizing every item-pair was approximately 250msec or less, and that other internal processes required approximately 380msec or less in the present experimental conditions. The central processing time was not likely to be subjected to the speed-error tradeoff.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文