逆転系列学習の及ぼす過剰学習の効果
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概要
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The present study was designed to examine the effect of amount of initial training on backward serial learning by employing the anticipation and the recall method and to investigate the mechanisms of serial learning.Exp. I was done in order to test the explanation based on the position hypothesis by Young, Patterson & Benson (1963). Ss were required to learn 2 serial lists of 10 items each, by the anticipation method. Three groups, Rev (1), Rev (OvL), and C, were given different amounts of list-1 learning (1 perfect recitation, overlearning, and control). After the acquisition of list-1, Ss were presented list-2 which was the backward serial list of list-1 (Rev).In Exp. II, the procedure was the same as that in Exp. I except that Ss were asked to recall 2items of serial list (2items serial recall) after list-2 learning. Additionally, latency was measured on list-1 learning and recall. The results of Exp. I and II indicated that transfer effect was not observed in terms of the learning of the whole list, but positive transfer was obtained in the middle of SPC with Rev (1). A bowed SPC was found in Rev (OvL). In the serial recall of 2items, Rev (OvL) was inferior to Rev (1).In Exp. III, the recall method was used. Ss were divided into three groups (Rev, Ran, and C) and each was given two levels of amount of initial training (1 and OvL). Ran condition was established by arranging the items of list-1 at random in the list-2. Positive transfer was found in Rev, Further, Rev (OvL) was superior to Rev (1) in the earlier stage of learning. These discrepancies in results were discussed in terms of the difference in the nature of task between the anticipation and the recall method and the time given for recall. The present study failed to support the sequential, the position or other hypotheses based on the traditional associative theory, but suggested the concept of sequential organization.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文